Cards
Bank Identification Number
Also: BIN, IIN
The first 6–8 digits of a card number, identifying the issuer, country, scheme, and product type.
BINs (now formally IINs after the 8-digit migration) drive a lot of routing and risk decisions: pick the best acquirer for that issuer country, surcharge or block by card type, choose APM placement, classify ticket size by product tier.
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