Disputes
Chargeback-to-transaction ratio
Also: CB ratio
Monthly ratio of disputes to sales, calculated per MID; the primary metric governing entry to VAMP, ECP, and other monitoring programmes.
Related terms
VAMP (Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program)
Visa's umbrella programme monitoring acquirer portfolios for excessive fraud and disputes, replacing legacy VDMP and VFMP thresholds from 2025.
Mastercard Excessive Chargeback Program
Mastercard programme with two tiers (ECM at 100 disputes and 1.5% ratio, HECM at 300 disputes and 3.0% ratio) that fines merchants monthly until remediated.
Chargeback
A forced reversal of a card payment initiated by the cardholder's issuing bank.
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