Disputes

Dispute

Any cardholder-initiated challenge to a transaction, covers retrieval requests, chargebacks, pre-arbitration, and arbitration.

Dispute is the umbrella term across the lifecycle. Visa's CE 3.0 and Mastercard's First-Party Trust have changed the playbook in 2023–2025, well-instrumented merchants now resolve more cases pre-chargeback.

Related terms

Chargeback

A forced reversal of a card payment initiated by the cardholder's issuing bank.

Representment

The merchant's response to a chargeback, with evidence that the original transaction was valid.

Retrieval request

A pre-chargeback inquiry from the issuer asking the merchant for transaction details.

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