Disputes

Friendly fraud

Also: First-party fraud

A chargeback filed by a real cardholder for a transaction they actually made, often because they don't recognise the descriptor or want a refund without contacting the merchant.

Friendly fraud is the fastest-growing chargeback category. Defences include clear soft descriptors, proactive refund flows, post-purchase email receipts, and the new Visa Compelling Evidence 3.0 / Mastercard First-Party Trust frameworks that lift undisputed-history evidence to the issuer.